Monday, September 22, 2008

Brief History of Hōkyōji and Jakuen

From Kyoto 2008

This is the view from the temple we trained at this week. Hōkyōji (宝慶寺) is four kilometers from the nearest town, and a good day's hike from the nearest train station. It was founded by a Chinese monk named Jakuen (寂円) who was originally a disciple of Dōgen, the founder of Sōtō Zen. He was one of Dōgen's top disciples and may have been second in line to run the founding temple of Sōtō, Eiheiji. Then why did Jakuen leave Eiheiji? After the death of Dōgen's appointed successor, the monks began squabbling over who ought to be the new abbot. It seems Jakuen was disgusted and walked away from the temple entirely. Nobody is quite sure if this is the real story because Jakuen left no records--only local legends of his piety.



But it appears that he took several of Eiheiji's most valuable possessions with him. That is to say, as far back as recorded history goes Hōkyōji has owned calligraphy and painting dating from the thirteenth century. Eiheiji burned down in a fire in the 1570s, but Hōkyōji preserved its treasures. Therefore, Eiheiji (which is now a tourist attraction and has a tour route running directly through the monastery) proudly presents to visitors a fancy, climate-controlled museum full of eighteenth-century reproductions. Meanwhile, Hōkyōji, which is scarcely visited by people out of the district, has a small building below the temple grounds which is normally locked and unavailable to visitors. It was opened for us.



Inside, in a rather plain atmosphere, are scroll portraits most Japanese people only ever see in their history textbooks. Nearly all of them are from the thirteenth century, including calligraphy by Dōgen himself and the only portrait of Dōgen made during his lifetime. The amusing exception is some random calligraphy from the seventeenth century by an unknown author declaring Hōkyōji the "number two Zen temple in Japan," something most Japanese would not jump to think of. Because the scroll is so old it was put in the treasure house as proof that Hōkyōji is awesome.



There are several interesting legends about Jakuen. He is said to have sat on a rock for eighteen years meditating before a stunning view of a sacred mountain called Hakusan. We ourselves were allowed to climb our way up the mountain to the rock ("Zazen Rock") and meditate there.



I had a very strange religious experience on this rock. A slight drizzle was falling on my face, and ahead of me was mountain from bottom to top. Trees below the rock shook in the breeze. Zazen in the temple makes me feel kind of dead, but on this rock I felt very sure that I was alive. Particularly, when my hands touched each other in the Zen mudra, I felt their warmth in a very direct and fulfilling way. It didn't calm my mind, but it made me want to stay. Unfortunately, we had to get back in time for lunch. Here is the view from the Zazen Ishi.



It is also claimed that Jakuen befriended a dog and cow who followed him around at all times. The dog would watch from the zazen rock and defend him. In fact, when he did takuhatsu (almsrounds), the dog and cow were said to follow him into town. In the treasure house we saw the alleged alms bags of the dog and cow. The cow's bag is bigger than normal and the dog's is very small.



There are more pictures at this previous Antioch participant's blog. His experience was eerily similar to mine.

My personal experience at Hōkyōji is next.

Tuesday, September 16, 2008

Hokyoji

Briefly: I will be spending the next six days at Hokyoji. Needless to say there is no Internet there. I might be able to take pictures, but there is no guarantee.

See you soon!

Cafe Proverbs 15:17, Daibutsu

I was unable to post this on Friday because my camera is mostly broken. Here are a bunch of photos to make up for it. I will hopefully be writing a wordier post later today.


On Friday I teamed up with Daniel to conquer Kyoto. First we went to the Long Island Cafe about which, if all goes well, more will be written later. Then we took off for Cafe Proverbs 15:17 which turned out to be food of Biblically good proportions.
Better is a dish of vegetables where love is,
Than a fattened ox and hatred with it.
Proverbs 15:17
Most food in Japan is non-vegetarian, due to the ever-present fish sauce. Therefore, vegetarian cafes tend to go the extra mile and be vegan as well. Unfortunately, most of these cafes are expensive, and some are actually Buddhist temples that will charge you $150 for dinner. I went to a place called "Hale" last night and paid $20 for poor-quality soymilk and an unsatisfying block of fried tofu. But Cafe Proverbs-- take a look!
From Kyoto 2008
This is a 100% vegan restaurant with great prices, relaxing decor, amazing food, friendly staff and delicious cookies and cake for those sorry vegans in Kyoto with a sweet tooth. I had lunch for $13 total, and bought some cake as well.
From Kyoto 2008
We took the cake back to Koshoji where we surprised our resident vegan, Loftin, with a birthday present. It was extremely well received.

More Kyoto vegan links: Deep Kyoto - Vegetarian, Vegan Japan


On Sunday the whole gang went to Nara, home of the biggest Buddha statue in the world. Nara is famous for its deer but at first I thought the deer were just an old story from the area. We saw some very pretty boats and temples...

From Kyoto 2008
...then...
From Kyoto 2008
Wait a minute, what on earth?!
From Kyoto 2008
Yes, the deer of Nara are actually an attraction of the present. They roam through the parks and accost tourists on the sidewalks. I can't think of any other city like this one in the world.
From Kyoto 2008
The big Buddha has had many pictures taken of it from various angles. I attempted to give some idea of its scale here. As you can see it is clearly too large to be useful. It wouldn't fit in my house very well. They actually had to build a special temple to hold it in. I did manage to climb through a hole the size of its nose but I don't have that picture available right now.
From Kyoto 2008
The government has hung up posters and decorations which seem to declare the season to be fall, but they are still selling shaved ice on the streets. You can't control the seasons. While I was walking back I saw a mother doing 50 meter dashes with her two kids. The little girl was yelling "oniichan, dame yo" and the brother was giving hugs to everyone. I think Japan is a great place to live.
From Kyoto 2008
This is a picture of the road to Horyuji which is one of the oldest Buddhist temples in the world in this little nowhere town called Ikaruga, which is kind of like Ercolano. You can tell this is not a big town like Nara because they just plopped this insanely long road down off of the main road and you have to walk to the end to get to the temple.
From Kyoto 2008
We weren't allowed to take pictures in any of the buildings but I'm cool with that. In any case there were some really old statues and paintings inside. One thing you won't learn about this temple on Wikipedia is that it's run by the Shōtoku sect, which split from the Hossō sect in 1950, likely over some tourist issue because only a handful of Japanese people belong to either sect. They do still hold lectures though.
From Kyoto 2008
Hossō is a Buddhist sect from before Zen and Pure Land arrived. In case you aren't taking an intensive Buddhist Studies course abroad, that means it predates the religious traditions of most of Japan.
From Kyoto 2008
I returned to Nara in time to catch some sort of small parade, which seemed to be a preparation for 753 (a Shinto thanksgiving ceremony for children). You can see here a girl taking a traditional Nara "taxi" to the parade. The pictures of the parade itself didn't come out too well.

Wednesday, September 10, 2008

Meditation

I am living in Koushouji, a small, old-fashioned hostel which is physically part of a large True Pure Land temple complex. I didn't think to take pictures of this place because it's a very old-fashioned and unkempt Japanese building and there's nothing exciting about it. I'll remedy that soon. In the meantime here are some pictures from around Kyoto.

Golden Temple. From Kyoto 2008

We sit zazen at 5:30 every morning, before breakfast, and 5:00 every evening, before dinner. I thought I knew three kinds of meditation. The first is the monkey mind, where I would just sit and think of events in the past and plans for the future. The second is a dream state which I enter into without even thinking. The third is that blissful state of perfect concentration which I almost never achieve.

From Kyoto 2008

In the past few days I've thought about Japanese phrases and dreamt I was a Buddha statue in a roadside shrine. But the most unexpected thing happened to me the other evening. I sat down in a usual grumpy mood, thinking of all the more interesting things I could be doing. I recognized this "busy mind" as one obsessed with trying to hoard impermanent things, and reflected on how different I was when I started meditating in fall 2006. Suddenly I was bombarded with images of failure, poor decisions and setbacks. I felt hopeless, as if I were onto something very great when I was younger, and I had abandoned that path. I breathed in deep, reminding myself of impermanence and weathering the blows.

Higashi Honganji. From Kyoto 2008

These feelings haven't come back. I wonder why it is that they arose. After all, this trip is a sort of dedication to a Buddhist lifestyle. I have an extremely wise Zen teacher who explained today why having a comfortable life with the things you own, "I-me-mine," does not jibe with the true reality. To dedicate yourself to Buddhism is to step outside that. So, I should be free from the business that makes me feel busy when I set down on the zabuton. Somehow that isn't happening yet.

When I was in Japan the first time, I was completely disconnected from the outside world. I had no contact with my parents, my friends, or any other Americans. I was very far from anyone and while I didn't go anywhere, I felt very much in control of my own experiences. On this trip, though, the people I'm living with have brought their own lifestyle. They talk about sex and drugs as if we were in a dormitory in Massachusetts. There's a little America being recreated around the kitchen table.

Now yesterday evening I was haggled into explaining getting permabanned from the Something Awful Forums. This seems like an irrelevant event for me to talk about in Japan, where nobody even knows what that means. They asked me why I didn't just change my nickname-- well, it's because a month after getting banned I went on my homestay and the whole thing seemed fairly silly to worry about. There are more pressing issues in the world than American television shows and websites, and greater depths than mere national politics can hope to reach. That's the kind of perspective I was hoping to come back to here. Instead, I'm being confronted with the incessant monotony I was hoping to escape.

From Kyoto 2008

I promise I'll stop complaining soon.

Monday, September 8, 2008

Breakfast

We eat breakfast in silence here. Every day we have the same rice, miso soup, and tea with a Pure Land blessing. Yesterday, after saying the morning prayer, I took the opportunity to reflect on everything I was grateful for on this trip, and everyone I was grateful to for bringing me here. I thought about my parents, the opportunity to practice Buddhism, and the new friends I was making. I ate every grain of rice I was given and every slice of negi in the miso soup.

Today I was just grumpy, and the food seemed rote and unappetizing. The climate of Japan seems to lend itself to constant sleepiness, and I guess waking up at 4:30 doesn't help very much. Yesterday I drank a bottle of milk coffee to wake up, and it made me feel very faint and sick to my stomach. Today I have a headache. I'm checking up on the news I missed out on-- Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae getting bought out, Olbermann being kicked off of MSNBC due to political pressure, 600,000 citizens being denied the vote in Ohio-- and that's not making me feel too good either. And it seems like the only thing adults my age are concerned about is the "new Facebook."

It's nice that all this is happening very far away, but every day I encounter reasons to fear for the future of humanity within my own exchange group. I was in the 100-yen store the other day with of the vegetarian converts. She walked up to an employee, showed him some chopsticks, and asked him "Is this a dollar?" In English. "Is it a dollll-aaaaar?" she repeated slowly and loudly, until I ran over and translated (and converted the currency) for him. Then we went to the bookstore, where she asked in English where the dictionaries were, being greeted with more blank stares. I once again ran to her assistance and got them to show me where it was, but the just-turned-vegetarian pushed me away angrily. "I can figure it out for myself," she told me. Well. I have never before seen someone talking to people in a foreign language and assuming they understand. I've seen it as a gag in movies, but I never thought that people in real life act like that. Or, if they did, I expected that sort of behavior would be limited to silver-spoon folks whom I'd never have the displeasure of hanging out with. So no, N., I do not feel very secure in your ability to figure it out for yourself. Actually, I am kind of worried.

I'm hoping that as the weather gets colder in Japan, I will become less cloudy-headed and more attuned to my beautiful surroundings. Yes, I hope the colorful leaves will make me less judgemental. I've heard that it's a wonderful experience to watch the seasons change. In between telling us about ice cream cone wrappers and the appropriate way to put one's chopsticks on the table, our leader has explained it to us.

Kyoto International Manga Summit

Just another boring day in Japan.
From Kyoto 2008
Busy people on their way home from work.
From Kyoto 2008
A crowd of average Japanese gathers on a public lawn.
From Kyoto 2008
Ha ha, just kidding! It's a private lawn.

No, seriously. This is the 9th Kyoto International Manga Summit.
From Kyoto 2008
I paid $5 for the museum (including the opportunity to photograph cosplayers) and $5 for a special exhibition which turned out to be a tourist trap. Basically it was a small collection of comics from around the world, including all the Anpanman characters and a wall of old Superman comics.

There was also a live presentation of kamishibai, probably one of the last in Japan. I got to see an Ōgon Bat story performed live by a highly entertaining Japanese storyteller. Most of the kids seemed enthralled. Did you know that GeGeGe no Kitaro was originally a kamishibai?

I wasn't allowed to take photos indoors for copyright reasons, so here's a photo of some Haruhi cosplayers.
From Kyoto 2008
To get this photo I asked "sasshin wo totte mo ii desu ka" which seemed overly formal. I'm not sure if Japanese teenagers expect me to be polite or casual.

For no apparent reason there were maskers at this convention. I apologize in advance for showing you this photo. If you don't want to see something really freaky please turn back now.

From Kyoto 2008

Please note that the person under this mask is most likely a man.

Haha. I just blew your mind.

One masker was disturbing enough but he appeared to have shown up with several of his friends. I wish I had a better picture of the expression of the girl on the right.

From Kyoto 2008

That's enough of that. Posts about Buddhism to follow.

Friday, September 5, 2008

Hello From Japan

Hello everyone, I am in 日本 (Japan) right now. Last time I was in Kurume. It turned out to be a pretty good model for most of Japan, but definitely not the best of it. This time I am in Kyoto. I wish I had some way to upload my pictures but I won't have computer lab access until Monday afternoon.

I am reminded of a characterization of Carleton students as "passive-aggressive non-smoking atheist vegetarians." It's not just a mockery but an accurate characterization of the sort of mindset that's encouraged at a liberal arts college. I recounted this story to a friend on Wednesday afternoon, and now four days later three of the 17 group members have converted to vegetarianism simply by associating with other liberal arts students. I really wouldn't care about this too much except that we are in Japan where the idea of identity politics is distinctly frowned upon. So I had a conversation like so half an hour ago:

- We can't eat anything here.
- This is a food court... it has most of the food you can find in Japan.
- None of it is vegetarian.
- When did you become a vegetarian?
- Yesterday.
- So you started protesting Japan on the day you came here.
- [shrugs]

They asked me how to say "I can't eat meat" in Japanese, and eventually they all went looking for a salad bar. Amusingly enough, one of the actual Antioch students is a homeschooled vegan lesbian who never talks, much less complains. She's a model Japanese citizen.

My instructor is the world's greatest bore. I worry that I am being too judgmental but I've asked the other students and we are all sick of this guy. He took us on a tour of Kyoto where he would show us something new, exciting, and mysterious, and talk about every single aspect of it for what seemed like several years until it seemed entirely boring. Examples: "This is a restaurant. They have what's called a breakfast set here for 500 yen. This is the cheapest way to eat out in Japan. You will get an omelet, toast, and coffee or tea. They also serve tempura. The word tempura is... anyone? It's Portugese. The Portugese introduced the idea of deep fat frying to Japan. This tempura set is 2,000 yen. That's $20. So, it's a little too pricey... unless if you really want it... now here's a powdered green tea set. [continue talking about the menu for for 10 minutes while Japanese people walk by laughing at us]"

There's a silver lining, though: sometimes while going on an uncomfortably racist tangent or droning on about unrelated historical events, he'll bring up a quite surprising story from his hippie days. For example, he was deported from Japan for smuggling army war objectors to Sweden via Russia. All of this while he was a Zen monk.

Enough whining. I'm still kind of grumpy right now from jet lag and a climate which doesn't agree with my digestive system. Let's talk about some of the little things I love about Japan:

- Those little trucks
- School uniforms
- Shop uniforms
- Ten-square-foot convenience stores with soda, snacks, toiletries, and a tiny rack of Yotsuba&! comics
- Twelve-story department stores
- ...with a twelve-story open-air staircase cutting through its center
- ...that is taller and longer than Michaelangelo's Capitoline Hill cordonata
- ...and is impeccably clean
- Sleek black food courts where the decor is done in painstaking detail and waitresses pick up after you
- Cleaning something before it gets dirty
- Posters and magazines overloaded with text (Japan is a language-loving country)
- Playing music from the Amelie soundtrack at the train station
- Women who carry umbrellas on a sunny day to keep their skin pale
- People paying attention to how they dress
- Playing a song at the crosswalk instead of beeping
- Food that comes in small portions
- Calpis
- Pocari Sweat
- Milk tea
- Milk coffee
- People worrying about preservation of traditions and culture
- Clotheslines
- Ubiquitous bicycles
- Tiny gardens cultivated around every house
- People who are grateful for my attempts at speaking Japanese
- Buddhism

More to come, undoubtedly, as the first week progresses.